Mishnah
Mishnah

Comentário sobre Baba Metzia 8:5

הַמּוֹכֵר זֵיתָיו לְעֵצִים, וְעָשׂוּ פָּחוֹת מֵרְבִיעִית לִסְאָה, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַזֵּיתִים. עָשׂוּ רְבִיעִית לִסְאָה, זֶה אוֹמֵר זֵיתַי גִּדְּלוּ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אַרְצִי גִדְּלָה, יַחֲלֹקוּ. שָׁטַף נָהָר זֵיתָיו וּנְתָנָם לְתוֹךְ שְׂדֵה חֲבֵרוֹ, זֶה אוֹמֵר זֵיתַי גִּדְּלוּ, וְזֶה אוֹמֵר אַרְצִי גִדְּלָה, יַחֲלֹקוּ:

Se alguém vendesse suas oliveiras [para serem cortadas em] madeira (fogo) [e ele as deixasse no chão], e elas produzissem menos do que uma revi'ith a uma sa'ah [ou seja, azeitonas inferiores, uma sa ' ah, dos quais não produz um óleo], pertencem ao dono das árvores. [Para as pessoas não são particulares sobre menos de uma revit. O "revi'ith" aqui é aparte de suas despesas na colheita e na prensagem. Nossa Mishnah fala de alguém que vende suas oliveiras sem especificar quando elas serão cortadas. Mas se ele (o vendedor) lhe dissesse para cortá-los imediatamente, menos ainda do que uma revenda pertence ao dono da terra. E se ele dissesse para cortá-lo quando quisesse, ainda mais do que uma revit'it pertence ao dono das árvores.] Se eles produzissem uma revit'it a uma sa'ah, e alguém dissesse: "Minhas árvores produziram , "e o outro:" Minha terra a produziu ", eles se dividem. Se um rio inundava suas oliveiras e as transplantava no campo do vizinho, e este dizia: "Minhas árvores a produziam" e o outro: "Minha terra produzia", ​​elas se dividem. [A Gemara interpreta isso como uma instância do rio lavando as árvores, juntamente com seus pedaços de terra ao redor. Como eles podem crescer através deles, eles não estão sujeitos às leis de arlah (frutos proibidos dos três primeiros anos). Os três primeiros anos, eles se dividem. Pois mesmo que a terra do outro a produza, ainda assim, se não fosse pela massa de terra, ele não seria capaz de comer por causa de arlah. Mas depois de três anos, tudo pertence ao dono da terra, pois ele pode lhe dizer: "Se eu mesmo tivesse plantado, não poderia comer depois de três anos!"]

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

המוכר זיתיו לעצים – to cut them down to burn them and he detained them in the ground.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Metzia

If one sold his olive trees as firewood and they bore fruit that gave less than a quarter-log of oil per seah, this belongs to the [new] owner of the olive trees. If they bore fruit that gave a quarter-log of oil [or more] per seah, and the one said, “It was my trees that produced it”, and the other said, “It was my land that produced it”, let them share the produce.
If a flood washed away a man’s olive trees and set them in the midst of his fellow’s field [where they bore fruit], and the one said, “It was my trees that produced it”, and the other said, “It was my land that produced it”, let them share the produce.

Mishnah five deals with a situation where one sold olive trees to another person to cut them down as firewood, but he did not sell the land. The issue is to whom do the olives belong: to the one who owns the trees or to the one who owns the land.
Mishnah six begins to discuss the laws of renting, a topic which will be discussed from now until the end of the tractate. The first topic of discussion is the renting of houses and specifically the laws of eviction.
The scenario in section one of our mishnah is that Reuven sold his olive trees to Shimon but did not sell him the land. The intent was for Shimon to cut down the trees and use them as firewood. However, before Shimon did so the olive trees bore some olives with which it was possible to make olive oil. If the olive oil was of a poor quality, in other words it came from olives that produced less than a quarter-log of oil per seah, then the owner of the trees can keep the oil. Since there is not much oil and it is of a low quality, we can safely assume that Reuven does not care about it and therefore Shimon may keep it. However, if the trees produce a better quality and higher quantity of olive oil there may be a dispute. Reuven may justly claim that the olives grew from his ground and Shimon may justly claim that they grew from his tree. In such a case they split the value of the olive oil.
The scenario in section two is different from that in section one but it has the same law. In this case Reuven’s trees were washed up in a flood and landed on Shimon’s property where they took root and bore fruit. Again, Reuven claims that his trees bore the fruit and Shimon that his land bore the fruit. Again, they split the value of the oil.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

ועשו – bad olives for a Seah of them did not produce one-quarter of a log of oil.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

הרי אלו של בעל הזיתים – for less than one-fourth [of a log] people aren’t strict/particular about it. Ands the one-quarter that they mentioned, outside of the removal which he takes out at their olive harvest and at their pressing. And our Mishnah [deals with] when he sells his olives to merely cut them down. But if he said to him to cut them down immediately, even less than one-quarter [of a Log of oil per Seah] to the owner of the field. But if he said to cut them when he would desire, even more than one-quarter [of a Log of oil] would go to the owner of the olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Metzia

וזה אומר ארצי גידלה יחלוקו – In the Gemara (Bava Metzia 101a), it establishes it as in the case where a river swept away the olives with their clods [of earth], that is, with the ground that is surrounding them that they are able to live through it, and because of that, they are exempt from Orlah (i.e. the prohibition of eating the fruit of trees of the first three years), and all the first three years is when they would divide it between them, for even though the land of this one grew them, nevertheless, if not for their clods [of earth], one would not be able to eat from them because of [the laws of] Orlah. But after the first three years, everything [belongs] to the owner of the ground, for he said to him: If had planted it, after three [years], I would not have been able to eat of them.
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